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考研英语经验教你如何把握语义逻辑

2020-03-19 

  除了把握文章的主要事实,还有哪些是帮助我们能确定答案呢?那就是把握我们常见的语义逻辑关系(转折、并列、让步、因果、总分、对比)。作者在表达观点时,通常会用一些语义逻辑关系词把各个句子连接起来,把握住常见的语义逻辑关系就能够了解作者在文章中强调的是哪里哪些句子的信息方向是表达一致的,从而加快我们的阅读速度。当然最重要的是会帮助我们解题,比如2009年第一篇文章第22题

  Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be

  [A] predicted. [B] regulated. [C] traced. [D] guided.

  这道题很明显是个细节题,根据题干中的信息我们很快能定位到第二自然段的第二句话But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. 题干问的是新习惯的形成是怎么样的,根据定位位置,文章说的是新习惯是有意识形成的,同学们根据consciously这个单词很难跟四个选项做到同义转述,这时同学们我们发现下自然段Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try&mdashthe more we step outside our comfort zone&mdashthe more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and our personal lives. 是以rather than开头的,rather than 这是表示转折的语义逻辑关系,证明上下段的语义是相关的。我们往后面读的时候发现we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits,即,相反我们可以过有意识培养新习惯的方式指导我们自己的改变。这里提到新习惯的形成的时候用的是direct,那么这道题的答案选的就是D选项(guide 指导,引导)对应的是direct的意思。所以,同学们我们过题干的信息定位到文章的位置时如果无法确定是哪个选项,若发现上下文逻辑关系词,我们就可以看看上下文,进而可以确定答案。再比如2006年第四篇第36题

  By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ________.

  [A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music

  [B] art grow out of both positive and negative feeling

  [C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness(D)

  [D] artists have changed their focus of interest

  过题干中出现的example, show我们可以确定这道题是例证题,例证题的答案是在例子所在这句话中的前面那句话,这时我们定位到是This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil. 这一自然段的第二句话,但是这句话结束后,后面有个转折句,那就说明作者强调的是在转折句这句话中,所以例子前面这句话应该就是转折句中的主句more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring 这里说的是“开始视为”体现的是转变,那么这道题答案是第四个选项。所以各位同学,定位到文章具体位置后,不确定是哪个选项时,如果上下文有语义逻辑关系词,我们就关注逻辑关系词所在的这句话,因为它是和我们定位位置的语义是相关的。