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语法核心知识点解析-并列句的省略

2020-04-09 

在考研英语当中并列结构主要考的是并列的省略现象,英语中为了使讲话和行文简洁,并列句中某些成分有时可以省略。在并列结构中,后面的分句往往省略和上文重合的部分,尤其当第二句出现and, but, neither, either, nor, so,too时。那么后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分可以省略,在英汉翻译时省略部分常常要翻译出来。

一、如果并列句中的左右两个分句虽然主语不同,但是两个分句有相同的be动词或助动词can+be动词,那么可以省略连词和后一个分句的be动词或助动词can+be动词。

1、Its scientists were the world’s best, and its workers the most skilled.

结构解析:并列平行结构中并列连词前后的成分结构和功能保持一致,第一个并列分句的主语its scientists 对应第二个并列分句的主语 its workers;前者的表语the world’s best对应后者的表语the most skilled; 前者中有系动词were,后者没有系动词,说明后者中省略了系动词were,翻译的时候需要补充完整。

译文:它的科学家是世界上最好的,它的工人是世界上最熟练的

 

2、Failing hips can be replaced and clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.

结构解析:这个句子是and连接的并列句,第一个并列分句为主谓结构,主语是Failing hips,谓语是can be replaced,第二个并列分句中省略了助动词can和be动词,补全之后为: clinical depression (can be) controlled. 最后一个并列句省略了并列连词and和助动词can 以及be动词,补全之后为and cataracts (can be) removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.

整个句子补全之后为:Failing hips can be replaced and clinical depression (省略can be) controlled, (省略and) cataracts (省略can be) removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.

译文:髋骨坏了可以更换,临床的忧郁症可以得到控制,白内障仅用30分钟手术就能治好。

 

二、在并列结构中并列连词后面的分句可以省略与前面分句中相同的成分。

3、Your behavior made me happy but Tom angry.

结构解析:这个句子中第一个并列分句是主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的形式,第二个并列分句中只有宾语和宾补,说明并列连词but后面省略了主谓语:your behavior made. 补全之后为: Your behavior made me happy but (your behavior made) Tom angry.

译文:你的行为让我很高兴但让汤姆很生气。

 

4、If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.

结构解析:这是一个主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句,主句是个由and连接的两个并列分句。第一个并列分句中主语是the information on products;谓语是might be provided; for the benefit of customers 做的状语,并列词之后只有 not as protection against legal liability这部分状语,所以这里省略了主语和谓语动词。这里是为了突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接,第二个并列分句中主语the information on products和谓语might be provided被省略掉了,整个补全之后为:If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and the information on products might not actually be providedas protection against legal liability.

译文:如果法律界的温和派占上风,产品的警示信息也许确实只是为了照顾顾客的利益,而不是充当免除法律责任的保护性措施。

 

 

真题实战

IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.2007 text2)

结构解析:第一个并列分句为IQ tests(主语)ask (谓语)you (宾语)to complete verbal and visual analogies(宾补). 第一个并列分句后面为to envision… and to deduce…这两个并列的分句,相对于第一个并列分句,这两个并列分句只有宾语补足语,它们前面都省略了主语+谓语+宾语(IQ tests ask you),并且第二个并列分句中还省略了并列连词and. 整个句子补全之后为:IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, and IQ tests ask youto envision paper after it has been folded and cut, andIQ tests ask youto deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.

译文:智商测试要求你完成口头和视觉类推,要求你在纸张被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状,要求你推论数字的顺序,还有其他类似的项目。