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用21届真题突破主旨题（英语一）

2021-01-13　

　　21届考研英语已经结束，有部分考生吐槽部分阅读题的难度令他们无从下手，有的甚至因为难度以及时间关系放弃阅读的最后一两篇。与很多学生沟通后，朱老师总结阅读主要的难点在于：句子看不懂、定位不准确，尤其是主旨题，更是毫无方法，有些题目无法准确定位。主旨题分为全文主旨和段落主旨两种，解题方法有选项辅助、首段主旨、末段线索。下面就结合21真题给大家进行主旨题的讲解。

　　解法一：选项辅助

　　【例1：2021英一Text4-Q40】

　　40.What does the author argue in the last paragraph?

　　A. Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.

　　B. The FCC should be put under strict supervision.

　　C. Rules need to be set to diversify online services.

　　D. Broadband providers' rights should be protected.

　　【解析】题干中的问题是：作者在最后一段的观点是什么?我们来看下文章的最后一段：The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online. 通过选项中的主谓来定位原文，该题备选选项的主语完全不同，谓语类似。所以根据谓语定位最后一段第一句话cry out for congress to act呼吁国会采取行动，由此可知，因此只有D国会需要采取行动确保中立为正确答案。

　　解法二：首段主旨

　　这种方式是英语一阅读最常见的解题方法，西方人的思维习惯开门见山，所以绝大多数文章的主旨都可以在首段出现。通读首段，尤其是首句和转折句的信息，通常是主旨句的出处。

　　【例2：2020英一Text4-Q40】

　　40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?

　　[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions

　　[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax

　　[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals

　　[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy

　　【解析】这是典型的主旨题，给文章起标题。

　　我们看第一段：

　　Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a “GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon—in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.

　　在第一段中，反复出现的主题词有French, digital services, taxes, 只有B France Leads the Charge on Digital Tax包含所有的主题词，是正确答案。

　　解法三：末段线索

　　文章的结尾通常会出现总结性的文字，尤其在最后一句话中会点明文章的主旨。

　　【例3：2019英一Text1-Q25】

　　25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism

　　B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue

　　C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives

　　D. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers

　　【解析】又是一道主旨题，给文章起标题。

　　我们看末段：

　　Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.

　　最后一句话的意思是“英国的新规定提醒银行家们，社会关心他们的贡献，不仅短期的作为，更是从长远的贡献。”再结合第一段的转折后的内容：Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. 然而，官员们也希望获得更大的好处：不仅银行，而且所有公司作出更长期的决策，为子孙后代建设一个更强大的经济。对比四个选项，只有B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue符合文章主旨。

　　主旨题是每年必考的题，有一定的难度，但是大家如果掌握正确的方法并勤加练习，完全可以突破此类题型。


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